{"id":1272,"date":"2016-08-05T10:06:33","date_gmt":"2016-08-05T01:06:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/?p=1272"},"modified":"2016-08-05T10:06:33","modified_gmt":"2016-08-05T01:06:33","slug":"2016-08-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/?p=1272","title":{"rendered":"2016.08.05"},"content":{"rendered":"

Proteinase-activated receptor 1 contributed to up-regulation of enkephalin in keratinocytes of patients with obstructive jaundice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tao KM<\/a> , Tao Y<\/a> , Chen CY<\/a> , Yang LQ<\/a> , Lu ZJ<\/a> , Sun YM<\/a> , Huang SD<\/a> , Yu WF<\/a><\/p>\n

ABSTRACT
\nBackground: Skin synthesis of endogenous opioids such as enkephalin is considered to be increased in cholestatic rodents,\u00a0which may induce antinociception in cholestatic liver disease. No studies have reported yet the expression of skin enkephalin\u00a0in patients with cholestasis.<\/p>\n

 
\nMethods: Electrical pain threshold, postoperative morphine consumption, and skin enkephalin expression were measured in\u00a0patients with jaundice (n = 18) and control patients (n = 16). Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (n = 52) and human keratinocyte\u00a0cell line HaCaT were used in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. Nociceptive thresholds and plasma and skin levels of\u00a0methionine-enkephalin were compared in protease-activated receptors-1\u2013antagonized and control bile duct\u2013ligated rats. In in\u00a0vitro study, the effect on thrombin-induced enkephalin expression was examined and the role of extracellular regulated protein\u00a0kinases 1\/2 and p38 was investigated.<\/p>\n

 
\nResults: The authors found that: (1) the electrical pain threshold (mean \u00b1 SD) was 1.1 \u00b1 0.1 mA in control patients, whereas it\u00a0was significantly increased in patients with jaundice (1.7 \u00b1 0.3 mA); 48-h postoperative morphine consumption was approximately\u00a050% higher in the control group than that in the group with jaundice; (2) Skin keratinocytes enkephalin expression
\nwas increased in the patients with jaundice; (3) Protease-activated receptors-1 antagonist 1 \u03bcg\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7day\u22121 treatment to the\u00a0bile duct\u2013ligated rats significantly reduced plasma levels of methionine-enkephalin, nociceptive thresholds, and keratinocytes\u00a0enkephalin expression; and (4) protease-activated receptors-1 activation induced enkephalin expression through phosphorylation\u00a0of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1\/2 and p38 in keratinocytes.<\/p>\n

 
\nConclusion: Protease-activated receptors-1 activation in peripheral keratinocytes may play an important role in the local\u00a0synthesis of enkephalin during cholestasis.<\/p>\n

Proteinasse-acticated receptor 1 contributed to up-regulation of enkephalin in keratinocytes of patients with jaundice<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Proteinase-activated receptor 1 contributed to up-regulation of enkephalin in keratinocytes of patients with obstructive jaundice. Tao KM , Tao Y , Chen CY , Yang LQ , Lu ZJ , Sun YM , Huang SD , Yu WF ABSTRACT Background: Skin synthesis of endogenous opioids such as enkephalin is considered to be increased in cholestatic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1272"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1272"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1275,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1272\/revisions\/1275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}