Liu XY<\/a>,\u00a0Ginosar Y<\/a>,\u00a0Yazdi J<\/a>,\u00a0Hincker A<\/a>,\u00a0Chen ZF<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Although spinal opioids are safe and effective, pruritus is common and distressing. The authors previously demonstrated in mouse spinal cord that interactions between \u03bc-opioid receptor isoform 1D and gastrin releasing peptide receptor mediate morphine-induced scratch. The C-terminal of 1D inhibits morphine-induced scratch without affecting analgesia. The authors hypothesize that human spinal cord also contains itch-specific \u03bc-opioid receptor isoforms which interact with gastrin releasing peptide receptor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on human spinal cord complimentary DNA from two humancadavers. Calcium responses to morphine (1 \u03bcM) were examined using calcium imaging microscopy on human cells (HEK293) coexpressing gastrin releasing peptide receptor and different human \u03bc-opioid receptor isoforms. The authors assessed morphine-induced scratching behavior and thermal analgesia in mice following intrathecal injection of morphine (0.3 nmol) and a transactivator of transcription peptide designed from C-terminal sequences of 1Y isoform (0, 0.1, and 0.4 nmol).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The authors demonstrated 1Y expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Morphine administration evoked a calcium response (mean \u00b1 SD) (57 \u00b1 13 nM) in cells coexpressing both gastrin releasing peptide receptor and the 1Y isomer. This was blocked by 10 \u03bcM naltrexone (0.7 \u00b1 0.4 nM; P < 0.0001), 1 \u03bcM gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist (3 \u00b1 2 nM; P < 0.0001), or 200 \u03bcM 1Y-peptide(2 + 2 nM; P < 0.0001). In mice, 0.4 nmol 1Y-peptide significantly attenuated morphine-induced scratching behaviors (scratching bouts, vehicle vs. 1Y-peptide) (92 \u00b1 31 vs. 38 \u00b1 29; P = 0.011; n = 6 to 7 mice per group), without affecting morphine antinociception in warm water tail immersion test (% of maximum possible effect) (70 \u00b1 21 vs. 67 \u00b1 22; P = 0.80; n = 6 mice per group).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Human\u00a0\u03bc-opioid\u00a0receptor\u00a01Y isomer is a C-terminal splicing variant of Oprm1 gene identified in\u00a0human\u00a0spinal\u00a0cord.\u00a0Cross-talk\u00a0between 1Y and\u00a0gastrin\u00a0releasing\u00a0peptide\u00a0receptor\u00a0is required for mediating\u00a0opioid-induced\u00a0pruritus. Disrupting the\u00a0cross talkmay have implications for therapeutic uncoupling of desired analgesic effects from side effects of opioids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Cross-talk\u00a0between\u00a0Human\u00a0Spinal\u00a0Cord\u00a0\u03bc-opioid\u00a0Receptor\u00a01Y\u00a0Isoform\u00a0and\u00a0Gastrin-releasing Peptide\u00a0Receptor\u00a0Mediates\u00a0Opioid-induced\u00a0Scratching\u00a0Behavior. Liu XY,\u00a0Ginosar Y,\u00a0Yazdi J,\u00a0Hincker A,\u00a0Chen ZF. Abstract BACKGROUND: Although spinal opioids are safe and effective, pruritus is common and distressing. The authors previously demonstrated in mouse spinal cord that interactions between \u03bc-opioid receptor isoform 1D and gastrin releasing peptide receptor mediate morphine-induced scratch. The C-terminal of 1D inhibits morphine-induced scratch without affecting analgesia. The authors hypothesize that human spinal cord also contains itch-specific \u03bc-opioid receptor isoforms which interact with gastrin releasing peptide receptor. METHODS: Reverse transcription […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1930"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1930"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1934,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1930\/revisions\/1934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Abstract<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
BACKGROUND: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
METHODS: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
RESULTS: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
CONCLUSIONS: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n