Yong Chen, Zi-Long Wang, Michele Yeo, Qiao-Juan Zhang, Ana E. L\u00f3pez- Romero, Hui-Ping Ding, Xin Zhang, Qian Zeng, Sara L. Morales-L\u00e1zaro, Carlene Moore, Ying-Ai Jin, Huang-He Yang, Johannes Morstein, Andrey Bortsov, Marcin Krawczyk, Frank Lammert, Manal Abdelmalek, Anna Mae Diehl, Piotr Milkiewicz, Andreas E. Kremer, Jennifer Y. Zhang, Andrea Nackley, Tony E. Reeves, Mei- Chuan Ko, Ru-Rong Ji, Tamara Rosenbaum, Wolfgang Liedtke<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Limited understanding of pruritus mechanisms in cholestatic liver diseases hinders development of anti-pruritic treatments. Previous studies implicated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a potential mediator of cholestatic pruritus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pruritogenicity of LPC, LPA\u2019s precursor, was examined in na\u00efve mice, cholestatic mice, and nonhuman primates. LPC\u2019s pruritogenicity involving keratinocyte-TRPV4 was studied using genetic and pharmacological approaches, cultured keratinocytes, ion channel physiology and structural-computational modeling. Activation of pruriceptor-sensory neurons by microRNA-146a (miR-146a), secreted from keratinocytes, was identified by in-vitro<\/em> and ex-vivo<\/em> Ca2+<\/sup>-imaging assays. Sera from primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients were used for measuring the levels of LPC and miR-146a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n LPC was robustly pruritic in mice. TRPV4 in skin keratinocytes was essential for LPC-induced itch and itch in mice with cholestasis. 3D-structural modeling, site-directed mutagenesis and channel function analysis suggested a TRPV4 C-terminal motif for LPC binding and channel activation. In keratinocytes, TRPV4-activation by LPC induced extracellular release of miR-146a, which activated TRPV1+<\/sup>-sensory neurons to cause itch. Both LPC and miR-146a levels were elevated in sera of PBC patients with itch and correlated with itch intensity. Moreover, LPC and miR-146a were also increased in sera of cholestatic mice and elicited itch in nonhuman primates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We identified LPC as a novel cholestatic pruritogen that induces itch through epithelia-sensory neuron crosstalk, whereby it directly activates skin keratinocyte-TRPV4, which rapidly release miR-146a to activate skin-innervating TRPV1+<\/sup>-pruriceptor sensory neurons. Our findings support the new concept of the skin, as a sensory organ, playing a critical role in cholestatic itch, beyond liver, peripheral sensory neurons and central neural pathways supporting pruriception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Epithelia-sensory neuron crosstalk underlies cholestatic itch induced by lysophosphatidylcholine Yong Chen, Zi-Long Wang, Michele Yeo, Qiao-Juan Zhang, Ana E. L\u00f3pez- Romero, Hui-Ping Ding, Xin Zhang, Qian Zeng, Sara L. Morales-L\u00e1zaro, Carlene Moore, Ying-Ai Jin, Huang-He Yang, Johannes Morstein, Andrey Bortsov, Marcin Krawczyk, Frank Lammert, Manal Abdelmalek, Anna Mae Diehl, Piotr Milkiewicz, Andreas E. Kremer, Jennifer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2233"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2235,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions\/2235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}RESULTS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
CONCLUSIONS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n