{"id":572,"date":"2014-01-16T10:44:04","date_gmt":"2014-01-16T01:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/?p=572"},"modified":"2014-01-16T10:44:04","modified_gmt":"2014-01-16T01:44:04","slug":"journal-club-2014-01-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/?p=572","title":{"rendered":"Journal Club 2014.01.16"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Roles of glutamate, substance P, and gastrin-releasing peptide as spinal neurotransmitters of histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch<\/p>\n

Tasuku Akiyama a, Mitsutoshi Tominaga b, Kenji Takamori b, Mirela Iodi Carstens a, E. Carstens a,\u21d1 a Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA<\/p>\n

b Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan<\/p>\n

1-s2.0-S0304395913005083-main<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

abstract<\/p>\n

We investigated roles for substance P (SP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and glutamate in the spinal neurotransmission of histamine-dependent and -independent itch. In anesthetized mice, responses of single superficial dorsal horn neurons to intradermal (i.d.) injection of chloroquine were partially reduced by spinal application of the a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionate acid (AMPA)\/kainate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Co-application of CNQX plus a neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonist produced stronger inhibition, while co-application of CNQX, NK-1, and GRP receptor (GRPR) antagonists completely inhibited firing. Nociceptive-specific and wide dynamic range-type neu- rons exhibited differential suppression by CNQX plus either the GRPR or NK-1 antagonist, respectively. Neuronal responses elicited by i.d. histamine were abolished by CNQX alone. In behavioral studies, indi- vidual intrathecal administration of a GRPR, NK-1, or AMPA antagonist each significantly attenuated chlo- roquine-evoked scratching behavior. Co-administration of the NK-1 and AMPA antagonists was more effective, and administration of all 3 antagonists abolished scratching. Intrathecal CNQX alone prevented histamine-evoked scratching behavior. We additionally employed a double-label strategy to investigate molecular markers of pruritogen-sensitive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG cells responsive to his- tamine and\/or chloroquine, identified by calcium imaging, were then processed for co-expression of SP, GRP, or vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2) immunofluorescence. Subpopulations of chloro- quine- and\/or histamine-sensitive DRG cells were immunopositive for SP and\/or GRP, with >80% immu- nopositive for VGLUT2. These results indicate that SP, GRP, and glutamate each partially contribute to histamine-independent itch. Histamine-evoked itch is mediated primarily by glutamate, with GRP play- ing a lesser role. Co-application of NK-1, GRP, and AMPA receptor antagonists may prove beneficial in treating chronic itch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Roles of glutamate, substance P, and gastrin-releasing peptide as spinal neurotransmitters of histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch Tasuku Akiyama a, Mitsutoshi Tominaga b, Kenji Takamori b, Mirela Iodi Carstens a, E. Carstens a,\u21d1 a Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA b Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=572"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":574,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions\/574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}