{"id":736,"date":"2014-06-13T09:58:25","date_gmt":"2014-06-13T00:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/?p=736"},"modified":"2014-06-13T10:30:20","modified_gmt":"2014-06-13T01:30:20","slug":"2014-06-13-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/?p=736","title":{"rendered":"Journal club 2014-06-13"},"content":{"rendered":"
Neuron.\u00a02014 May 7;82(3):573-86. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.046. Epub 2014 Apr 10.<\/div>\n

Dynorphin acts as a neuromodulator to inhibit itch in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.<\/h1>\n
Kardon AP1,\u00a0Polg\u00e1r E2,\u00a0Hachisuka J1,\u00a0Snyder LM1,\u00a0Cameron D2,\u00a0Savage S2,\u00a0Cai X1,\u00a0Karnup S1,\u00a0Fan CR3,\u00a0Hemenway GM3,\u00a0Bernard CS3,\u00a0Schwartz ES4,Nagase H5,\u00a0Schwarzer C6,\u00a0Watanabe M7,\u00a0Furuta T8,\u00a0Kaneko T8,\u00a0Koerber HR1,\u00a0Todd AJ9,\u00a0Ross SE10.<\/div>\n
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Abstract<\/h3>\n
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Menthol and other counterstimuli relieve itch, resulting in an antipruritic state that persists for minutes to hours. However, the neural basis for this effect is unclear, and the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms are unknown. Previous studies revealed that Bhlhb5(-\/-) mice, which lack a specific population of spinal inhibitory interneurons (B5-I neurons), develop pathological itch. Here we characterize B5-I neurons and show that they belong to a neurochemically distinct subset. We provide cause-and-effect evidence that B5-I neurons inhibit itch and show that dynorphin, which is released from B5-I neurons, is a key neuromodulator of pruritus. Finally, we show that B5-I neurons are innervated by menthol-, capsaicin-, and mustard oil-responsive sensory neurons and are required for the inhibition of itch by menthol. These findings provide a cellular basis for the inhibition of itch by chemical counterstimuli and suggest that kappa opioids may be a broadly effective therapy for pathological itch.<\/p>\n

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Neuron.\u00a02014 May 7;82(3):573-86. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.046. Epub 2014 Apr 10. Dynorphin acts as a neuromodulator to inhibit itch in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Kardon AP1,\u00a0Polg\u00e1r E2,\u00a0Hachisuka J1,\u00a0Snyder LM1,\u00a0Cameron D2,\u00a0Savage S2,\u00a0Cai X1,\u00a0Karnup S1,\u00a0Fan CR3,\u00a0Hemenway GM3,\u00a0Bernard CS3,\u00a0Schwartz ES4,Nagase H5,\u00a0Schwarzer C6,\u00a0Watanabe M7,\u00a0Furuta T8,\u00a0Kaneko T8,\u00a0Koerber HR1,\u00a0Todd AJ9,\u00a0Ross SE10. Abstract Menthol and other counterstimuli relieve itch, resulting in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/736"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=736"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":738,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/736\/revisions\/738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/misterx95.myds.me\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}